How have animal and plants evolved to survive in this region? What are some unique traits they have to cope with the conditions?

Animal Adaptations:

- short and stocky arms and legs

- thick, insulating cover of feathers or fur

- thick fat layer gained quickly during spring in order to have continual energy and warmth during winter months.

- many tundra animals have adapted especially to prevent their bodily fluids from freezing solid.

- resident animals like the ptarmigan and the ground squirrel use solar heating to stay warm and save energy.

Unique Tundra Plant Characteristics:

- can withstand extremely low temperatures, wind, and drought

- don't have tap roots